Flying-machine.



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FLYING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED APR. 30' \915.

1,171,162, Patented Feb; 8,1916. I a SHEETS-SHEET 1. I

A. L ALDAY. q FLYING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED APR. 30, I915.

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A. L. ALDAY.

I FLYING MACHINE. APPLICATION HLED APR. 30. 1915.

Patented Feb. 8,1916.

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slow flying machine tages gained in enabling the lifting power anonrn L.ALDAY, or cnnvnmnp, 01110.

FLYING MAGHINE,

memes.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, AnoLrr'I L. ALDAY, a citizen of the United States,residing at Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, haveinvented new and usefill Improvements in Flying-Machines," of which thefollowing is a specification.

- This invention relates to flying machines, and particularly 'toimprovements in the construction of the planes orsupporting primaryobject of the invention belng to provide a novel construction andarrangement' of planes whereby greater lifting power may be obtained, anefficient type of produced, and advanto be regulated as circumstancesrequire to vary the flying speed and lifting capacity under .difierentconditions of service.

A further object of the invention is to provide a flying machineembodying adjustable planes under the control of the aviator, which maybe disposed at different working'angles for slow or fast flight, foreasy and rapid launching, and for braking and readily controlling thespeed of descent.

A- still further object of the invention is to provide a flying machinehaving adjustable wings which may be positively controlled for thepurposes described, and which in addition are automatically controlledaccording to the density or pressure of the air,

to compensate for variations in the density and pressure of the air tonormally maintain a determined lifting or supporting capacity.

A still further object of the inventionis to provide adjustable planesof the character described in connection with under-ly ing fixed planes,whereby a substantially constant and uniform pressure of the air on theadjustable planes is secured.

The invention consists of the features of construction, combination andarrangement of parts herein fully described and claimed, reference beinghad to the accompanying drawing, in which a Figure l is a top plan viewof a fiyingmachine embodying myinvention. Fig. 2 is Specification ofLetters Patent.

Application filed. April :10, 1915. Serial No. 25,044.

' PatentedFeb.8, 1916.

a similar view with the upper planes omitted. Fig. 3 is a sectionalfront elevation on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a side elevation ofthe machine. Fig; 5 is a fore-and-aft sectionon line- 55 of .'Fig. 1.Fig. 6 is a fragmentary top planview on an enlarged scale of the'fuselage, showing the plane controlling device.

Referring to the drawings, 1 designates the body or fuselage of themachine, which may be in general of the monoplane,- biplane ortriplanetype, and which body or fuselage includes a car or compartment 2containing one or more seats for the accommodatlon of the aviator and apassenger,-

if any.

Extending from the sides of the bod or fuselage are lower supportingrods or ars 3, arranged one in rear of the other, which.

rods or bars support the wings '4: ofa lower plane. These. wings 4 arerigidl mounted,

and are preferably strai ht or at, operat-' ing in practice as air deecting and retaining surfaces, as hereinafter fully described.

Arranged above the wings 4 of the lower plane are the wings 5 of anupper supporting plane. These wings 5 are disposed at a proper elevationabove the wings 4: and

are curved in a fore-and-aft direction for the dynamical action of theair therein. As shown, the said wings 5 are pivotally mounted to tiltvertically on supporting bars or rods 6 connected with the front andintermediate bars or rods 3 b supporting and reinforcing brackets 7. hewings 5 are designed to have sufficient lifting capacity to support theweight of the machine and its load under all conditions of service.

Connected at intervals with the tail portion of each wing'5 arecontrolling cables consisting of rear sections 8 passing over guidepulleys 9 supported by the rear rods or bars 3 and fastened at theirupper rear ends to the wings 5, and front sections 9' passing forwardlyand inwardly around guide pulleys 10 and connected with a main controlling cables 1.1 of the respective series of cables connected with therespective wings 5 being extended into the sides of the car,

ing-cable 11, the said main controlpassed around front and rear guidepulleys 12 and 13 and thence connected with a controlling device 14. Thesections 8 and 9 of each-cable are united by a coiled contractile spring15, forming an elastic connection between them, whereby the wings 5 areadapted to be automatically and manually adjusted and controlled. Thecontrolling device 14- preferably comprises a 'drum to which the maincables are connected in such manner that both cables may besimultaneously drawn upon and taken up or re- 'leased and let out.

' tween the superposed planes 4: and 5 and that the wings 4 keep the aircompressed by the plane 5 from being deflected downwardly too rapidly bythe curved surfaces of the wings 5. As a result the body of compressedair will be constantly main tained in contact with wings 5, forming acompressed, cushioning strata on which the machine is supported andglides in flight. The springs 15 maintain a normally fixed relationshipbetween the wings 5 and wings 4, but should the normal volume of air inthe channels 16 be augmented unduly, the pressure of the air on thetrail ends of the wings 5 will force the same upwardly, the wingstilting on the axes 6 and the springs 15 extending to permit suchmovement, whereby the excess air' is allowed to escape. If, on thecontrary, the normal volume of air should decrease, the relief ofpressure on the rear ends of the wings 5 will cause thesprings 15 todraw the rear ends of said wings to a greater extent downwardly, thusallowing the contained air to be more closely compacted to give thedesired supporting effect and compensate for the temporary loss involume of air. Provision is thus made for securing and maintaining asubstantially constant orv uniform lifting action when the machine a,flight traverses portions of the air varying in density, by whichmaximum stability and steadinessof flight are obtained. At the same timethe springs 15 provide yieldnig connections which permit the wings 5 tobe manually adjusted by means of the controlling device, to regulate thedistance be tween said wings and the wings 4, thus enabling the angle ofincidence of the wings 5 to be varied for slow or fast flying and toenable a maximum lifting effort to be secured to easy and rapidlaunching. The wings 5 may also be drawn downward to an increased angleof incidence to bank the air against the wings at and regulate itspassage through the channel 16, enabling the machine to be braked or itsspeed retarded at the will either in flight or in landing operations,thus adapting the machine to be easilylanded and controlled under allconditions of service.

From the foregoing description, taken in connection with the drawings,the construction, mode of operation and advantages of my invention willbe readily understood and appreciated by those versed in the art.

While the operations set forth assume the use of the lower wings 4, itwill, of course, be understood that the majority of these operations toan appreciable extent may be secured without the use of such. wings 4t,and

therefore I do not desire to be restricted to their use, except whendirectly specified in the appended claims.

I claim 1. A flying machine including a body,

2. A flying machine including a body,

fixed wings upon the body, a controlling device within the body, curvedwings mounted on the body above said fixed wings to tilt vertically onhorizontal transverse axes, cables connecting the controlling devicewith the rear portions of the wings, and springs or like elasticconnections in the lengths of said cables.

3. A flying machine including a body, a controlling device therein,curved wings mounted to tilt on horizontal transverse axes, guidepulleys upon the body beneath the front and rear portions of said wings,cables connected at their front and rear ends to the controlling deviceand rear edges of the' wings and passing intermediately over said guidepulleys, and springs in the lengths of said cables on lines between thesets of guide pulleys.

4. A flying machine including a body, stationary flat wings upon thebody, curved wings upon the body above said fixed wings,

said ciiirved wings being mounted to tilt.

vertically on horizontal transverse axes and connections for adjustingsaid tiltable wings with relation to said fixed wings, said connectionsincluding elastic means in the length thereof for permitting the curvedwings to have automatic adjustment.

A, flying machine including a body, fixed fiat wings upon the sides ofthe body, curved supporting wings above said flat wingsaid curved wingsbeing mounted to tilt vertically on horizontal transverse axes, acontrol device within the body, front and controlling cables corinectedat (their ogpoin presence of two witnesses.

site ends to the contro evice an rear e ges of the curved wings, saidcables passing cenl ADOLPH D 5 trally over said pulleys, and contractilewitnessesz',

i springs in the lengths of the cables between JOSEPH J. SHERRY, thesets of pulleys. JENNIE D. STUART.

rear guide pulleys beneath the curved wings, In testirnonj whereof Iafiix my signatl lre

